Ethylene Oxide Gas: Product Description, Uses, and Technical Data
Product Description
Ethylene Oxide (EO) is a colorless, flammable gas with a sweet odor. It is a cyclic ether and is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals. Ethylene oxide is highly reactive and is known for its ability to undergo various chemical reactions, making it a valuable compound in the chemical industry. It is produced by the oxidation of ethylene in the presence of a silver catalyst. Due to its properties, ethylene oxide is widely used in the production of antifreeze, detergents, and as a sterilizing agent in medical and pharmaceutical applications.
Uses
Ethylene oxide has a wide range of applications, including:
- Chemical Intermediate: Used in the production of ethylene glycol, which is a key ingredient in antifreeze and polyester fibers.
- Sterilization: Employed as a sterilizing agent for medical equipment and supplies, particularly in situations where heat or moisture cannot be used.
- Production of Surfactants: Utilized in the manufacturing of non-ionic surfactants, which are important in detergents and cleaning products.
- Fumigant: Used in the fumigation of food products and agricultural commodities to control pests and pathogens.
- Polymer Production: Acts as a precursor in the synthesis of various polymers, including polyethylene glycol and polyurethane.
Technical Data
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C₂H₄O |
| Molecular Weight | 44.05 g/mol |
| Boiling Point | 10.7 °C (51.3 °F) |
| Melting Point | -111.3 °C (-168.3 °F) |
| Density | 0.881 g/cm³ at 20 °C |
| Flash Point | 3.9 °C (39 °F) |
| Solubility in Water | Miscible |
| Vapor Pressure | 100 mmHg at 20 °C |
| Autoignition Temperature | 425 °C (797 °F) |
| Toxicity | Highly toxic; can cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract |
Safety Considerations
- Ethylene oxide is classified as a carcinogen and should be handled with care.
- Proper ventilation and protective equipment are essential when working with this gas.
- In case of exposure, immediate medical attention is recommended.
Conclusion
Ethylene oxide is a versatile and essential chemical in various industries, particularly in the production of antifreeze, sterilization processes, and chemical synthesis. Understanding its properties and safe handling practices is crucial for its effective and safe use in industrial applications.