Ethylene Oxide: Product Description, Uses, and Technical Data
Product Description
Ethylene oxide (EO) is a colorless, flammable gas with a sweet odor. It is a cyclic ether and is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals. Ethylene oxide is highly reactive and can undergo various chemical reactions, making it a valuable compound in the chemical industry. It is produced through the oxidation of ethylene, and its primary application is in the manufacture of antifreeze, surfactants, and other industrial chemicals.
Uses of Ethylene Oxide
Ethylene oxide has a wide range of applications across various industries, including:
- Production of Ethylene Glycol: Used in antifreeze and coolant formulations.
- Manufacture of Surfactants: Employed in detergents and cleaning products.
- Sterilization Agent: Utilized in the sterilization of medical equipment and supplies.
- Chemical Intermediate: Serves as a precursor for the production of various chemicals, including glycol ethers and polyethylene glycols.
- Fumigant: Used in the agricultural sector for pest control.
Technical Data
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C₂H₄O |
| Molecular Weight | 44.05 g/mol |
| Boiling Point | 10.5 °C (50.9 °F) |
| Melting Point | -111.3 °C (-168.3 °F) |
| Density | 0.881 g/cm³ |
| Flash Point | -17.8 °C (0 °F) |
| Solubility in Water | Miscible |
| Vapor Pressure | 100 mmHg at 20 °C |
| Autoignition Temperature | 425 °C (797 °F) |
| Toxicity | Highly toxic; carcinogenic |
Summary
Ethylene oxide is a versatile chemical with significant industrial applications. Its properties make it suitable for various uses, from producing antifreeze to sterilizing medical equipment. However, due to its toxicity and flammability, it must be handled with care in industrial settings. Understanding its technical data is crucial for safe and effective use in various applications.