Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Overview
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) is a versatile polymer that is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties. It is a water-soluble compound that comes in different molecular weights, including PEG 200, PEG 400, PEG 600, PEG 4000, and PEG 6000. Each variant has distinct characteristics and applications, making PEG a valuable ingredient in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and industrial applications.
Product Descriptions and Uses
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PEG 200:
- Description: A low molecular weight PEG that is a clear, colorless, and viscous liquid.
- Uses: Commonly used as a solvent, plasticizer, and humectant in cosmetics and personal care products. It is also utilized in pharmaceuticals for drug formulation and as a laxative.
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PEG 400:
- Description: A slightly higher molecular weight than PEG 200, it is also a clear, viscous liquid.
- Uses: Used in ointments, creams, and as a base for various pharmaceutical formulations. It acts as a surfactant and emulsifier in cosmetic products.
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PEG 600:
- Description: A thicker liquid with a higher viscosity than PEG 400.
- Uses: Employed in the formulation of creams and lotions, as well as in the food industry as a food additive and humectant.
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PEG 4000:
- Description: A solid form of PEG with a higher molecular weight, typically appearing as a white powder.
- Uses: Used in the pharmaceutical industry as a binder and coating agent, as well as in the production of suppositories and tablets.
- PEG 6000:
- Description: A high molecular weight PEG that is a waxy solid.
- Uses: Commonly used in the formulation of ointments, creams, and as a lubricant in various industrial applications.
Technical Data Table
| Property | PEG 200 | PEG 400 | PEG 600 | PEG 4000 | PEG 6000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | ~200 g/mol | ~400 g/mol | ~600 g/mol | ~4000 g/mol | ~6000 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear, viscous liquid | Clear, viscous liquid | Thick liquid | White powder | Waxy solid |
| Viscosity (cP) | 50-100 | 100-200 | 200-400 | N/A | N/A |
| Solubility | Water-soluble | Water-soluble | Water-soluble | Water-soluble | Water-soluble |
| Boiling Point (°C) | 200-250 | 200-250 | 200-250 | N/A | N/A |
| Melting Point (°C) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 60-70 | 55-65 |
| pH | Neutral | Neutral | Neutral | Neutral | Neutral |
| Applications | Solvent, laxative | Emulsifier, surfactant | Food additive, humectant | Binder, coating agent | Lubricant, emulsifier |
Key Benefits of PEG
- Biocompatibility: PEG is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and pharmaceuticals.
- Versatility: Its various forms allow for a wide range of applications across different industries.
- Moisture Retention: PEG acts as a humectant, helping to retain moisture in formulations, which is particularly beneficial in cosmetics and personal care products.
In summary, Polyethylene Glycol is a crucial ingredient in many formulations due to its unique properties and versatility. Its different molecular weights cater to specific applications, making it an essential component in various industries.