Methanol Chemical Solvent Product Description
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, is a colorless, volatile liquid with a slightly sweet odor. It is the simplest alcohol and is used as a solvent, antifreeze, fuel, and as a feedstock for the production of chemicals. Methanol is miscible with water, ethanol, ether, and other organic solvents, making it a versatile solvent in various applications. Its low toxicity compared to other solvents makes it a preferred choice in many industrial processes.
Uses of Methanol
- Solvent: Methanol is widely used as a solvent in the production of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and various other chemicals.
- Fuel: It serves as a clean-burning fuel alternative for vehicles and is used in fuel cells.
- Antifreeze: Methanol is commonly used in antifreeze products due to its low freezing point.
- Chemical Feedstock: It is a key ingredient in the production of various chemicals, including methyl methacrylate, which is used in plastics.
- Laboratory Applications: Methanol is frequently used in laboratories for chromatography and as a reagent in chemical reactions.
Technical Data
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | CH₃OH |
| Molecular Weight | 32.04 g/mol |
| Boiling Point | 64.7 °C (148.5 °F) |
| Melting Point | -97.6 °C (-143.7 °F) |
| Density | 0.7918 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in Water | Miscible |
| Flash Point | 11.8 °C (53.2 °F) |
| Vapor Pressure | 96 mmHg at 20 °C |
| Toxicity | LD50 (oral, rat) 5,628 mg/kg |
| CAS Number | 67-56-1 |
Key Features
- Versatile Solvent: Methanol can dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds.
- Low Toxicity: Compared to other solvents, methanol has a lower toxicity profile, making it safer for various applications.
- Renewable Source: Methanol can be produced from renewable resources, including biomass and carbon dioxide, contributing to sustainability efforts.
Safety Considerations
- Flammability: Methanol is highly flammable; proper storage and handling are essential to prevent fire hazards.
- Toxicity: Ingestion or inhalation of methanol can lead to serious health issues, including metabolic acidosis and central nervous system depression. Always use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling methanol.
In summary, methanol is a crucial chemical solvent with a wide range of applications across various industries. Its unique properties and versatility make it an essential component in chemical manufacturing, fuel production, and laboratory settings.