Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Overview
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) is a versatile polymer that is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties. It is a water-soluble compound that comes in different molecular weights, including PEG 200, PEG 400, PEG 600, PEG 4000, and PEG 6000. Each variant has distinct characteristics and applications, making PEG a valuable ingredient in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and industrial applications.
Key Properties of PEG
- Water Solubility: PEG is highly soluble in water, making it an excellent choice for formulations requiring a liquid medium.
- Non-Toxicity: PEG is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and pharmaceuticals.
- Viscosity: The viscosity of PEG varies with molecular weight, allowing for tailored formulations.
- Humectant Properties: PEG acts as a humectant, helping to retain moisture in products.
Uses of Polyethylene Glycol
- Pharmaceuticals: Used as a solvent, vehicle for drug delivery, and in formulations for laxatives.
- Cosmetics: Commonly found in creams, lotions, and ointments for its moisturizing properties.
- Food Industry: Used as a food additive and humectant to retain moisture in food products.
- Industrial Applications: Employed as a lubricant, surfactant, and in the production of plastics and resins.
Technical Data Table
| Property | PEG 200 | PEG 400 | PEG 600 | PEG 4000 | PEG 6000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 200 g/mol | 400 g/mol | 600 g/mol | 4000 g/mol | 6000 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear, viscous liquid | Clear, viscous liquid | Clear, viscous liquid | White powder or waxy solid | White powder or waxy solid |
| Viscosity (cP) | 50-100 | 100-200 | 200-400 | 1000-2000 | 2000-4000 |
| Melting Point (°C) | -65 | -60 | -50 | 60-70 | 60-70 |
| Boiling Point (°C) | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
| Solubility | Water soluble | Water soluble | Water soluble | Water soluble | Water soluble |
| Applications | Laxatives, solvents | Creams, ointments | Lubricants, surfactants | Food additives, pharmaceuticals | Industrial applications, lubricants |
Conclusion
Polyethylene Glycol is a highly adaptable compound with a wide range of applications across various sectors. Its different molecular weights allow for specific uses, making it an essential ingredient in many formulations. Whether in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, or industrial applications, PEG continues to be a critical component due to its safety, efficacy, and versatility.