Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Product Description
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) is a versatile polymer that is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties. It is a water-soluble compound that comes in various molecular weights, which can affect its physical and chemical characteristics. PEG is typically produced through the polymerization of ethylene oxide and is available in both liquid and solid forms. Its non-toxic nature and biocompatibility make it suitable for a wide range of applications, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food processing, and industrial uses.
Key Properties of Polyethylene Glycol:
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water and many organic solvents.
- Viscosity: Viscosity varies with molecular weight; lower molecular weights are more fluid, while higher molecular weights are more viscous.
- Non-toxic: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and pharmaceuticals.
- Biocompatibility: Suitable for medical applications, including drug delivery systems.
- Moisture retention: Acts as a humectant, helping to retain moisture in formulations.
Common Uses of Polyethylene Glycol:
- Pharmaceuticals: Used as a solvent, plasticizer, and in drug formulations for controlled release.
- Cosmetics and Personal Care: Employed as a moisturizer, emulsifier, and thickening agent in creams and lotions.
- Food Industry: Acts as a food additive, stabilizer, and humectant in various food products.
- Industrial Applications: Utilized in lubricants, coatings, and as a surfactant in cleaning products.
- Medical Applications: Used in laxatives, ointments, and as a carrier for biologically active compounds.
Technical Data Table
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C₂nH₄n+2Oₙ (where n is the number of ethylene glycol units) |
| Molecular Weight Range | 200 – 8000 g/mol (varies by grade) |
| Appearance | Colorless, viscous liquid or white solid |
| Melting Point | Varies with molecular weight (e.g., PEG 400: -5°C) |
| Boiling Point | Varies with molecular weight (e.g., PEG 400: 250°C) |
| Density | 1.1 – 1.2 g/cm³ (varies by grade) |
| pH | Neutral (typically around 6-8) |
| Solubility | Soluble in water, ethanol, and other polar solvents |
| Viscosity | Varies significantly with molecular weight (e.g., PEG 400: 100-200 mPa·s) |
| Toxicity | Non-toxic, generally recognized as safe (GRAS) |
Summary
Polyethylene Glycol is a highly adaptable compound with a wide range of applications across various industries. Its unique properties, such as solubility, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, make it an essential ingredient in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food products, and industrial applications. Understanding its technical data is crucial for selecting the appropriate grade for specific uses.